Válvula de Boussignac y CPAP frente a diferentes situaciones de temperatura y humedad ambiental / Boussignac CPAP Valve against different situations of temperature and environmental humididty

Introducción. La válvula de Boussigna permite entregar un nivel de presión positiva continua en vía aérea (CPAP) a los enfermos, con la única necesidad de una fuente de gas de alto flujo. Estudiamos si las variaciones en la humedad y temperatura podrían afectar al dispositivo de CPAP. Material y Método. Estudio experimental, realizado en condiciones de laboratorio. Medimos la CPAP conseguida mediante una válvula de Boussignac de Vygon® ante distintas condiciones de humedad y temperatura ambiental. Se utilizaron, además de la citada válvula, una fuente de O2 medicinal con un caudalímetro, un serpentín de cobre para calentar/enfriar el gas, un humidificador Respiflo de Kendall®, y una cubeta de aislamiento térmico. Las mediciones de CPAP se hicieron con un manómetro digital, y las de temperatura y humedad con un termo-higrómetro (previamente calibrados). Tras realizar varias mediciones para un mismo flujo, ante distintas condiciones de humedad y temperatura, se compararon los resultados obtenidos mediante la prueba de la "t" de Student (comparaciones dos a dos) y ANOVA. Se demandó un intervalo de confianza mínimo de 95%. Resultados. Para los diferentes flujos analizados (15, 20 y 25 litros/minuto) se comprueba cómo ante distintas condiciones de temperatura (en rangos de 4-6 ºC, 24-26 ºC y 40-42 ºC) y humedad (2%, 15-20%, 35-40% y 80-85%) se obtienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de CPAP entregados. Conclusión. La temperatura y la humedad a la que se utilicen el oxígeno y el dispositivo de CPAP de Boussignac influyen en los niveles de presión obtenidos, pudiendo llegar a diferencias de presión cercanas al 20% en algunas circunstancias, para un mismo flujo (AU)

Introduction. The Boussignac valve makes it possible to provide a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) level to the patients, this only requiring a high flow gas source. We have studied if the variations in gas humidity and temperature could affect the CPAP device. Material and method. Experimental study performed under laboratory conditions. We measured the CPAP obtained with a Boussignac valve (Vygon)®, under different humidity and environmental temperature conditions. In addition to the mentioned valve, a source of medicinal O2, a copper coil to modify the gas temperature, Respiflo humidifier (Kendall)® and a bucket of heat insulation were used. CPAP measurements were made with a digital pressure gauge, and temperature and humidity conditions were measured with a previously calibrated thermus-hygrometer. After several measurements were obtained for a same flow, with different humidity and temperature conditions, the results obtained were compared with the Student's t test (two-sided comparison) and ANOVA. A minimum interval of 95% confidence was required. Resuts: For the different flows analyzed (15, 20 and 25 liters/minute), it was verified that different conditions of temperature (in ranks of 4-6 ºC, 24-26 ºC and 40-42 ºC) and humidity (2%, 15-20%, 35-40% and 80-85%) obtained statistically significant differences in the CPAP levels. Conclusions. The temperature and humidity under which oxygen and Boussignac CPAP device are used influence the CPAP pressure levels, and it was possible to reach differences in pressure close to 20% under some circumstances for a same flow (AU)

Homoeopathic drug proving: a scientific approach

Many attempts have been made in the past to develop a drug proving concept which should be accepted by at least a number of doctors in a country. This draft of a concept is the crystallization of a great number of discussions with many homoeopathic doctors in Europe. It is presented as a draft for discussion with the hope to finally develop a drug proving protocol which follows a clear method, serves the purpose to get reliable symptoms for the Materia Medica and is practicable. There will be a "Symposium on Homoeopathic Drug Provings in Healthy Persons" on Friday, 12th June 1992 to Sunday, 14th June 1992 in Friedrichrhoda, Eastern part of Germany. The organisers cordially invite you to take part. For further information please contact the author of this article

Uma abordagem em experiencia patogenetica II / An approach in pathogenetic experiment II

Experimentou-se Iodium purum em 14 experimentadores com medicamento homeopatico conhecido e ficha clinica reestudada antes da experimentacao. A substancia, desconhecida na epoca para o diretor de experimentacao e experimentadores, foi utilizada nas potencias 6CH, 12CH, 30CH, 200C, MC, 10MC, 50MC e o placebo dinamizado a 30CH. A utilizacao das potencias e placebos foi aleatoria. A experimentacao demonstrou um consideravel numero de sintomas de Iod. que nao estao na materia medica e repertorios, um alto desempenho das potencias (91,6%), um baixo desempenho do placebo (19%), a facilidade da detectaro do sintoma placebo face a ausencia de modalidades, o indice reduzido de sintomas comuns a Iod. e o medicamento dos experimentadores, a coincidencia dos sintomas aqui obtidos com altas dinamizacoes aos registrados na materia medica e obtido com doses ponderais. Recomenda-se a abolicao do placebo na experimentacao com o homem sao e anuncia-se a criacao da Central Iodium para reunir e repassar os dados sobre esse medicamento

Uma abordagem em experiencia patogenetica II / An approach in pathogenetic experiment II

Experimentou-se Iodium purum em 14 experimentadores com medicamento homeopatico conhecido e ficha clinica reestudada antes da experimentacao. A substancia, desconhecida na epoca para o diretor de experimentacao e experimentadores, foi utilizada nas potencias 6CH, 12CH, 30CH, 200C, MC, 10MC, 50MC e o placebo dinamizado a 30CH. A utilizacao das potencias e placebos foi aleatoria. A experimentacao demonstrou um consideravel numero de sintomas de Iod. que nao estao na materia medica e repertorios, um alto desempenho das potencias (91,6porcento), um baixo desempenho do placebo (19porcento), a facilidade da detectaro do sintoma placebo face a ausencia de modalidades, o indice reduzido de sintomas comuns a Iod. e o medicamento dos experimentadores, a coincidencia dos sintomas aqui obtidos com altas dinamizacoes aos registrados na materia medica e obtido com doses ponderais. Recomenda-se a abolicao do placebo na experimentacao com o homem sao e anuncia-se a criacao da Central Iodium para reunir e repassar os dados sobre esse medicamento

Les contraintes de l'experimentation homeopathique / Homeopathic experimentation troubles

Des contraintes resultant de la methodologie scientifique et de la specificite de l'Homeopathie rencontrees dans les provings: l'illustration pratique en est donnee par le protocole d'experimentation du Propanolol 30CH

Experimentation homeopathique: les criteres d'imputabilite / Homeopathic experimentation: imputability judgements

Etude des criteres, traditionnels et nouveaux, de l'imputabilite d'une substance preparee homeopathiquement dans l'apparition d'un symptome, au cours d'une experimentation homeopathique. Ces criteres redefinis ou introduits nouvellement, permettent de concilier la logique interne de l'Homeopathie et l'objectivite scientifique contemporaine. L'objectivite est utilisee ici dans son sens Kantien: est objectif ce qui est valable pour tous les esprits et non pour tel ou tel individu

Experimentations pathogenetiques: abord methodologique / Pathogenetic experimentations: methodologic approach

Toute prescription homeopathique exige une comparaison des symptomes des patioents avec les symptomes consignes dans la Matiere Medicale Homeopathique. Parmi les symptomes qui y sont decrits, ceux considerer comme les plus importants pour les medecins homeopathes sont ceux qui proviennent d'experimentations pathogenetiques realisees avec des dilutions infinitesimales. Une analyse critique des experimentations pathogenetiques homeopathiques, au cours du temps, revele plusieurs incorrections accentuant ainsi la necessite de nouvelles experimentations s'appuyant sur des criteres methodologiques plus rigides et plus precis. L'auteur present un modele d'experimentation pathogenetique homeopathique qui cherche a satisfaire ses exigences pour une bonne experimentation, aussi bien du point de vue methodologique que du point de vue ethique, et il conclut que, sans une base methologique appropriee dans le processus d'experimentations pathogenetiques, tout le travail de prescription homeopathique peut etre critique, et ses resultats positifs mis en correlation avec l'effet placebo inherent a chaque acte medical